One of the questions we get from customers is, "How long will it take for my new perennials to fill in?" While the exact timeline can vary depending on the type of plant and growing conditions, we usually tell customers to expect their new plantings to have maximum effect in about three years. A wise plant person once told me that in year one, they survive in year two, they strive and in year three, they thrive.
Year 1: Surviving and Establishing
Roots In the first year after planting, perennials are busy putting down roots. This is a crucial period for the plants as they adapt to their new environment and start to establish themselves. For most perennials, you won't see much growth above the ground during this time. This lack of visible progress can be disappointing, but it's entirely normal. The focus during the first year is on root development, which is why proper watering is so important. Both underwatering and overwatering can delay or damage root growth, so finding the right balance is key. Mulching can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature, aiding in root establishment. Be patient and diligent with your care this foundation year is critical for long-term success.
Year 2: Striving and Growing Above Ground
By the second year, a healthy plant with a well-established root system will begin to put more energy into producing leaves and flowers. This is the year when you'll start to see more visible growth and the beginnings of the plant's full potential. While the plants will look good, the bed spaces won’t be completely filled in yet. During this year, it's important to continue with proper watering and fertilization to support the plant's increased growth demands. Spacing the plants for their eventual mature size is crucial, as it allows them to grow without overcrowding, ensuring good air circulation and reducing the risk of disease.
Year 3: Thriving and Naturalizing
By the third year, your perennials will start spreading out and filling in the bed in a natural-looking way. The roots, foliage, and flowers should be healthy and producing as they would in a natural setting. At this point, your garden will begin to look more mature and cohesive. After this third year, many perennials can be divided and moved to other areas of your garden or shared with friends. Division not only helps to control the size of the plants but also promotes more vigorous growth by reducing overcrowding.
Long-Term Maintenance and Division
Some perennials benefit from division every four to five years, especially if they are starting to decline in the center of the plant. Signs that a perennial needs division include reduced flower production and the center of the plant dying out. Dividing these plants can rejuvenate them, leading to more robust growth and flowering. Other perennials, like most daylilies and groundcover types, can be left in dense masses without the need for frequent division. These plants are excellent for creating weed-resistant ground covers and can help reduce maintenance in your garden.
